IRCodegen.cpp

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/*
 * Copyright 2017 MapD Technologies, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "../Parser/ParserNode.h"
#include "CodeGenerator.h"
#include "Execute.h"
#include "ExternalExecutor.h"
#include "MaxwellCodegenPatch.h"
#include "RelAlgTranslator.h"

// Driver methods for the IR generation.

std::vector<llvm::Value*> CodeGenerator::codegen(const Analyzer::Expr* expr,
                                                 const bool fetch_columns,
                                                 const CompilationOptions& co) {
  if (!expr) {
    return {posArg(expr)};
  }
  auto bin_oper = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::BinOper*>(expr);
  if (bin_oper) {
    return {codegen(bin_oper, co)};
  }
  auto u_oper = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::UOper*>(expr);
  if (u_oper) {
    return {codegen(u_oper, co)};
  }
  auto col_var = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::ColumnVar*>(expr);
  if (col_var) {
    return codegenColumn(col_var, fetch_columns, co);
  }
  auto constant = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::Constant*>(expr);
  if (constant) {
    const auto& ti = constant->get_type_info();
    if (ti.get_type() == kNULLT) {
      throw std::runtime_error(
          "NULL type literals are not currently supported in this context.");
    }
    if (constant->get_is_null()) {
      return {ti.is_fp()
                  ? static_cast<llvm::Value*>(executor_->cgen_state_->inlineFpNull(ti))
                  : static_cast<llvm::Value*>(executor_->cgen_state_->inlineIntNull(ti))};
    }
    if (ti.get_compression() == kENCODING_DICT) {
      // The dictionary encoding case should be handled by the parent expression
      // (cast, for now), here is too late to know the dictionary id if not already set
      CHECK_NE(ti.get_comp_param(), 0);
      return {codegen(constant, ti.get_compression(), ti.get_comp_param(), co)};
    }
    return {codegen(constant, ti.get_compression(), 0, co)};
  }
  auto case_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::CaseExpr*>(expr);
  if (case_expr) {
    return {codegen(case_expr, co)};
  }
  auto extract_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::ExtractExpr*>(expr);
  if (extract_expr) {
    return {codegen(extract_expr, co)};
  }
  auto dateadd_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::DateaddExpr*>(expr);
  if (dateadd_expr) {
    return {codegen(dateadd_expr, co)};
  }
  auto datediff_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::DatediffExpr*>(expr);
  if (datediff_expr) {
    return {codegen(datediff_expr, co)};
  }
  auto datetrunc_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::DatetruncExpr*>(expr);
  if (datetrunc_expr) {
    return {codegen(datetrunc_expr, co)};
  }
  auto charlength_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::CharLengthExpr*>(expr);
  if (charlength_expr) {
    return {codegen(charlength_expr, co)};
  }
  auto keyforstring_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::KeyForStringExpr*>(expr);
  if (keyforstring_expr) {
    return {codegen(keyforstring_expr, co)};
  }
  auto sample_ratio_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::SampleRatioExpr*>(expr);
  if (sample_ratio_expr) {
    return {codegen(sample_ratio_expr, co)};
  }
  auto lower_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::LowerExpr*>(expr);
  if (lower_expr) {
    return {codegen(lower_expr, co)};
  }
  auto cardinality_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::CardinalityExpr*>(expr);
  if (cardinality_expr) {
    return {codegen(cardinality_expr, co)};
  }
  auto like_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::LikeExpr*>(expr);
  if (like_expr) {
    return {codegen(like_expr, co)};
  }
  auto regexp_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::RegexpExpr*>(expr);
  if (regexp_expr) {
    return {codegen(regexp_expr, co)};
  }
  auto likelihood_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::LikelihoodExpr*>(expr);
  if (likelihood_expr) {
    return {codegen(likelihood_expr->get_arg(), fetch_columns, co)};
  }
  auto in_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::InValues*>(expr);
  if (in_expr) {
    return {codegen(in_expr, co)};
  }
  auto in_integer_set_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::InIntegerSet*>(expr);
  if (in_integer_set_expr) {
    return {codegen(in_integer_set_expr, co)};
  }
  auto function_oper_with_custom_type_handling_expr =
      dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::FunctionOperWithCustomTypeHandling*>(expr);
  if (function_oper_with_custom_type_handling_expr) {
    return {codegenFunctionOperWithCustomTypeHandling(
        function_oper_with_custom_type_handling_expr, co)};
  }
  auto array_oper_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::ArrayExpr*>(expr);
  if (array_oper_expr) {
    return {codegenArrayExpr(array_oper_expr, co)};
  }
  auto geo_uop = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::GeoUOper*>(expr);
  if (geo_uop) {
    return {codegenGeoUOper(geo_uop, co)};
  }
  auto geo_binop = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::GeoBinOper*>(expr);
  if (geo_binop) {
    return {codegenGeoBinOper(geo_binop, co)};
  }
  auto function_oper_expr = dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::FunctionOper*>(expr);
  if (function_oper_expr) {
    return {codegenFunctionOper(function_oper_expr, co)};
  }
  if (dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::OffsetInFragment*>(expr)) {
    return {posArg(nullptr)};
  }
  if (dynamic_cast<const Analyzer::WindowFunction*>(expr)) {
    throw NativeExecutionError("Window expression not supported in this context");
  }
  abort();
}

llvm::Value* CodeGenerator::codegen(const Analyzer::BinOper* bin_oper,
                                    const CompilationOptions& co) {
  const auto optype = bin_oper->get_optype();
  if (IS_ARITHMETIC(optype)) {
    return codegenArith(bin_oper, co);
  }
  if (IS_COMPARISON(optype)) {
    return codegenCmp(bin_oper, co);
  }
  if (IS_LOGIC(optype)) {
    return codegenLogical(bin_oper, co);
  }
  if (optype == kARRAY_AT) {
    return codegenArrayAt(bin_oper, co);
  }
  abort();
}

llvm::Value* CodeGenerator::codegen(const Analyzer::UOper* u_oper,
                                    const CompilationOptions& co) {
  const auto optype = u_oper->get_optype();
  switch (optype) {
    case kNOT: {
      return codegenLogical(u_oper, co);
    }
    case kCAST: {
      return codegenCast(u_oper, co);
    }
    case kUMINUS: {
      return codegenUMinus(u_oper, co);
    }
    case kISNULL: {
      return codegenIsNull(u_oper, co);
    }
    case kUNNEST:
      return codegenUnnest(u_oper, co);
    default:
      abort();
  }
}

llvm::Value* CodeGenerator::codegen(const Analyzer::SampleRatioExpr* expr,
                                    const CompilationOptions& co) {
  auto input_expr = expr->get_arg();
  CHECK(input_expr);

  auto double_lv = codegen(input_expr, true, co);
  CHECK_EQ(size_t(1), double_lv.size());

  std::unique_ptr<CodeGenerator::NullCheckCodegen> nullcheck_codegen;
  const bool is_nullable = !input_expr->get_type_info().get_notnull();
  if (is_nullable) {
    nullcheck_codegen = std::make_unique<NullCheckCodegen>(cgen_state_,
                                                           executor(),
                                                           double_lv.front(),
                                                           input_expr->get_type_info(),
                                                           "sample_ratio_nullcheck");
  }
  CHECK_EQ(input_expr->get_type_info().get_type(), kDOUBLE);
  std::vector<llvm::Value*> args{double_lv[0], posArg(nullptr)};
  auto ret = cgen_state_->emitCall("sample_ratio", args);
  if (nullcheck_codegen) {
    ret = nullcheck_codegen->finalize(ll_bool(false, cgen_state_->context_), ret);
  }
  return ret;
}

namespace {

void add_qualifier_to_execution_unit(RelAlgExecutionUnit& ra_exe_unit,
                                     const std::shared_ptr<Analyzer::Expr>& qual) {
  const auto qual_cf = qual_to_conjunctive_form(qual);
  ra_exe_unit.simple_quals.insert(ra_exe_unit.simple_quals.end(),
                                  qual_cf.simple_quals.begin(),
                                  qual_cf.simple_quals.end());
  ra_exe_unit.quals.insert(
      ra_exe_unit.quals.end(), qual_cf.quals.begin(), qual_cf.quals.end());
}

void check_if_loop_join_is_allowed(RelAlgExecutionUnit& ra_exe_unit,
                                   const ExecutionOptions& eo,
                                   const std::vector<InputTableInfo>& query_infos,
                                   const size_t level_idx,
                                   const std::string& fail_reason) {
  if (eo.allow_loop_joins) {
    return;
  }
  if (level_idx + 1 != ra_exe_unit.join_quals.size()) {
    throw std::runtime_error(
        "Hash join failed, reason(s): " + fail_reason +
        " | Cannot fall back to loop join for intermediate join quals");
  }
  if (!is_trivial_loop_join(query_infos, ra_exe_unit)) {
    throw std::runtime_error(
        "Hash join failed, reason(s): " + fail_reason +
        " | Cannot fall back to loop join for non-trivial inner table size");
  }
}

}  // namespace

std::vector<JoinLoop> Executor::buildJoinLoops(
    RelAlgExecutionUnit& ra_exe_unit,
    const CompilationOptions& co,
    const ExecutionOptions& eo,
    const std::vector<InputTableInfo>& query_infos,
    ColumnCacheMap& column_cache) {
  INJECT_TIMER(buildJoinLoops);
  std::vector<JoinLoop> join_loops;
  for (size_t level_idx = 0, current_hash_table_idx = 0;
       level_idx < ra_exe_unit.join_quals.size();
       ++level_idx) {
    const auto& current_level_join_conditions = ra_exe_unit.join_quals[level_idx];
    std::vector<std::string> fail_reasons;
    const auto build_cur_level_hash_table = [&]() {
      if (current_level_join_conditions.quals.size() > 1) {
        const auto first_qual = *current_level_join_conditions.quals.begin();
        auto qual_bin_oper =
            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<const Analyzer::BinOper>(first_qual);
        if (qual_bin_oper && qual_bin_oper->is_overlaps_oper() &&
            current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::LEFT) {
          JoinCondition join_condition{{first_qual}, current_level_join_conditions.type};

          return buildCurrentLevelHashTable(
              join_condition, ra_exe_unit, co, query_infos, column_cache, fail_reasons);
        }
      }
      return buildCurrentLevelHashTable(current_level_join_conditions,
                                        ra_exe_unit,
                                        co,
                                        query_infos,
                                        column_cache,
                                        fail_reasons);
    };
    const auto current_level_hash_table = build_cur_level_hash_table();
    const auto found_outer_join_matches_cb =
        [this, level_idx](llvm::Value* found_outer_join_matches) {
          CHECK_LT(level_idx, cgen_state_->outer_join_match_found_per_level_.size());
          CHECK(!cgen_state_->outer_join_match_found_per_level_[level_idx]);
          cgen_state_->outer_join_match_found_per_level_[level_idx] =
              found_outer_join_matches;
        };
    const auto is_deleted_cb = buildIsDeletedCb(ra_exe_unit, level_idx, co);
    const auto outer_join_condition_multi_quals_cb =
        [this, level_idx, &co, &current_level_join_conditions](
            const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters) {
          // The values generated for the match path don't dominate all uses
          // since on the non-match path nulls are generated. Reset the cache
          // once the condition is generated to avoid incorrect reuse.
          FetchCacheAnchor anchor(cgen_state_.get());
          addJoinLoopIterator(prev_iters, level_idx + 1);
          llvm::Value* left_join_cond = cgen_state_->llBool(true);
          CodeGenerator code_generator(this);
          // Do not want to look at all quals! only 1..N quals (ignore first qual)
          // Note(jclay): this may need to support cases larger than 2
          // are there any?
          if (current_level_join_conditions.quals.size() >= 2) {
            auto qual_it = std::next(current_level_join_conditions.quals.begin(), 1);
            for (; qual_it != current_level_join_conditions.quals.end();
                 std::advance(qual_it, 1)) {
              left_join_cond = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateAnd(
                  left_join_cond,
                  code_generator.toBool(
                      code_generator.codegen(qual_it->get(), true, co).front()));
            }
          }
          return left_join_cond;
        };
    if (current_level_hash_table) {
      if (current_level_hash_table->getHashType() == JoinHashTable::HashType::OneToOne) {
        join_loops.emplace_back(
            JoinLoopKind::Singleton,
            current_level_join_conditions.type,
            [this, current_hash_table_idx, level_idx, current_level_hash_table, &co](
                const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters) {
              addJoinLoopIterator(prev_iters, level_idx);
              JoinLoopDomain domain{{0}};
              domain.slot_lookup_result =
                  current_level_hash_table->codegenSlot(co, current_hash_table_idx);
              return domain;
            },
            nullptr,
            current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::LEFT
                ? std::function<void(llvm::Value*)>(found_outer_join_matches_cb)
                : nullptr,
            is_deleted_cb);
      } else {
        join_loops.emplace_back(
            /*kind=*/JoinLoopKind::Set,
            /*type=*/current_level_join_conditions.type,
            /*iteration_domain_codegen=*/
            [this, current_hash_table_idx, level_idx, current_level_hash_table, &co](
                const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters) {
              addJoinLoopIterator(prev_iters, level_idx);
              JoinLoopDomain domain{{0}};
              const auto matching_set = current_level_hash_table->codegenMatchingSet(
                  co, current_hash_table_idx);
              domain.values_buffer = matching_set.elements;
              domain.element_count = matching_set.count;
              return domain;
            },
            /*outer_condition_match=*/
            current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::LEFT
                ? std::function<llvm::Value*(const std::vector<llvm::Value*>&)>(
                      outer_join_condition_multi_quals_cb)
                : nullptr,
            /*found_outer_matches=*/current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::LEFT
                ? std::function<void(llvm::Value*)>(found_outer_join_matches_cb)
                : nullptr,
            /*is_deleted=*/is_deleted_cb);
      }
      ++current_hash_table_idx;
    } else {
      const auto fail_reasons_str = current_level_join_conditions.quals.empty()
                                        ? "No equijoin expression found"
                                        : boost::algorithm::join(fail_reasons, " | ");
      check_if_loop_join_is_allowed(
          ra_exe_unit, eo, query_infos, level_idx, fail_reasons_str);
      // Callback provided to the `JoinLoop` framework to evaluate the (outer) join
      // condition.
      VLOG(1) << "Unable to build hash table, falling back to loop join: "
              << fail_reasons_str;
      const auto outer_join_condition_cb =
          [this, level_idx, &co, &current_level_join_conditions](
              const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters) {
            // The values generated for the match path don't dominate all uses
            // since on the non-match path nulls are generated. Reset the cache
            // once the condition is generated to avoid incorrect reuse.
            FetchCacheAnchor anchor(cgen_state_.get());
            addJoinLoopIterator(prev_iters, level_idx + 1);
            llvm::Value* left_join_cond = cgen_state_->llBool(true);
            CodeGenerator code_generator(this);
            for (auto expr : current_level_join_conditions.quals) {
              left_join_cond = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateAnd(
                  left_join_cond,
                  code_generator.toBool(
                      code_generator.codegen(expr.get(), true, co).front()));
            }
            return left_join_cond;
          };
      join_loops.emplace_back(
          /*kind=*/JoinLoopKind::UpperBound,
          /*type=*/current_level_join_conditions.type,
          /*iteration_domain_codegen=*/
          [this, level_idx](const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters) {
            addJoinLoopIterator(prev_iters, level_idx);
            JoinLoopDomain domain{{0}};
            const auto rows_per_scan_ptr = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateGEP(
                get_arg_by_name(cgen_state_->row_func_, "num_rows_per_scan"),
                cgen_state_->llInt(int32_t(level_idx + 1)));
            domain.upper_bound = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateLoad(rows_per_scan_ptr,
                                                                     "num_rows_per_scan");
            return domain;
          },
          /*outer_condition_match=*/
          current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::LEFT
              ? std::function<llvm::Value*(const std::vector<llvm::Value*>&)>(
                    outer_join_condition_cb)
              : nullptr,
          /*found_outer_matches=*/
          current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::LEFT
              ? std::function<void(llvm::Value*)>(found_outer_join_matches_cb)
              : nullptr,
          /*is_deleted=*/is_deleted_cb);
    }
  }
  return join_loops;
}

std::function<llvm::Value*(const std::vector<llvm::Value*>&, llvm::Value*)>
Executor::buildIsDeletedCb(const RelAlgExecutionUnit& ra_exe_unit,
                           const size_t level_idx,
                           const CompilationOptions& co) {
  if (!co.filter_on_deleted_column) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  CHECK_LT(level_idx + 1, ra_exe_unit.input_descs.size());
  const auto input_desc = ra_exe_unit.input_descs[level_idx + 1];
  if (input_desc.getSourceType() != InputSourceType::TABLE) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  const auto td = catalog_->getMetadataForTable(input_desc.getTableId());
  CHECK(td);
  const auto deleted_cd = catalog_->getDeletedColumnIfRowsDeleted(td);
  if (!deleted_cd) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  CHECK(deleted_cd->columnType.is_boolean());
  const auto deleted_expr = makeExpr<Analyzer::ColumnVar>(deleted_cd->columnType,
                                                          input_desc.getTableId(),
                                                          deleted_cd->columnId,
                                                          input_desc.getNestLevel());
  return [this, deleted_expr, level_idx, &co](const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters,
                                              llvm::Value* have_more_inner_rows) {
    const auto matching_row_index = addJoinLoopIterator(prev_iters, level_idx + 1);
    // Avoid fetching the deleted column from a position which is not valid.
    // An invalid position can be returned by a one to one hash lookup (negative)
    // or at the end of iteration over a set of matching values.
    llvm::Value* is_valid_it{nullptr};
    if (have_more_inner_rows) {
      is_valid_it = have_more_inner_rows;
    } else {
      is_valid_it = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateICmp(
          llvm::ICmpInst::ICMP_SGE, matching_row_index, cgen_state_->llInt<int64_t>(0));
    }
    const auto it_valid_bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(
        cgen_state_->context_, "it_valid", cgen_state_->row_func_);
    const auto it_not_valid_bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(
        cgen_state_->context_, "it_not_valid", cgen_state_->row_func_);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateCondBr(is_valid_it, it_valid_bb, it_not_valid_bb);
    const auto row_is_deleted_bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(
        cgen_state_->context_, "row_is_deleted", cgen_state_->row_func_);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(it_valid_bb);
    CodeGenerator code_generator(this);
    const auto row_is_deleted = code_generator.toBool(
        code_generator.codegen(deleted_expr.get(), true, co).front());
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateBr(row_is_deleted_bb);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(it_not_valid_bb);
    const auto row_is_deleted_default = cgen_state_->llBool(false);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateBr(row_is_deleted_bb);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(row_is_deleted_bb);
    auto row_is_deleted_or_default =
        cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreatePHI(row_is_deleted->getType(), 2);
    row_is_deleted_or_default->addIncoming(row_is_deleted, it_valid_bb);
    row_is_deleted_or_default->addIncoming(row_is_deleted_default, it_not_valid_bb);
    return row_is_deleted_or_default;
  };
}

std::shared_ptr<JoinHashTableInterface> Executor::buildCurrentLevelHashTable(
    const JoinCondition& current_level_join_conditions,
    RelAlgExecutionUnit& ra_exe_unit,
    const CompilationOptions& co,
    const std::vector<InputTableInfo>& query_infos,
    ColumnCacheMap& column_cache,
    std::vector<std::string>& fail_reasons) {
  if (current_level_join_conditions.type != JoinType::INNER &&
      current_level_join_conditions.quals.size() > 1) {
    fail_reasons.emplace_back("No equijoin expression found for outer join");
    return nullptr;
  }
  std::shared_ptr<JoinHashTableInterface> current_level_hash_table;
  for (const auto& join_qual : current_level_join_conditions.quals) {
    auto qual_bin_oper = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Analyzer::BinOper>(join_qual);
    if (!qual_bin_oper || !IS_EQUIVALENCE(qual_bin_oper->get_optype())) {
      fail_reasons.emplace_back("No equijoin expression found");
      if (current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::INNER) {
        add_qualifier_to_execution_unit(ra_exe_unit, join_qual);
      }
      continue;
    }
    JoinHashTableOrError hash_table_or_error;
    if (!current_level_hash_table) {
      hash_table_or_error = buildHashTableForQualifier(
          qual_bin_oper,
          query_infos,
          co.device_type == ExecutorDeviceType::GPU ? MemoryLevel::GPU_LEVEL
                                                    : MemoryLevel::CPU_LEVEL,
          JoinHashTableInterface::HashType::OneToOne,
          column_cache);
      current_level_hash_table = hash_table_or_error.hash_table;
    }
    if (hash_table_or_error.hash_table) {
      plan_state_->join_info_.join_hash_tables_.push_back(hash_table_or_error.hash_table);
      plan_state_->join_info_.equi_join_tautologies_.push_back(qual_bin_oper);
    } else {
      fail_reasons.push_back(hash_table_or_error.fail_reason);
      if (current_level_join_conditions.type == JoinType::INNER) {
        add_qualifier_to_execution_unit(ra_exe_unit, qual_bin_oper);
      }
    }
  }
  return current_level_hash_table;
}

llvm::Value* Executor::addJoinLoopIterator(const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters,
                                           const size_t level_idx) {
  // Iterators are added for loop-outer joins when the head of the loop is generated,
  // then once again when the body if generated. Allow this instead of special handling
  // of call sites.
  const auto it = cgen_state_->scan_idx_to_hash_pos_.find(level_idx);
  if (it != cgen_state_->scan_idx_to_hash_pos_.end()) {
    return it->second;
  }
  CHECK(!prev_iters.empty());
  llvm::Value* matching_row_index = prev_iters.back();
  const auto it_ok =
      cgen_state_->scan_idx_to_hash_pos_.emplace(level_idx, matching_row_index);
  CHECK(it_ok.second);
  return matching_row_index;
}

void Executor::codegenJoinLoops(const std::vector<JoinLoop>& join_loops,
                                const RelAlgExecutionUnit& ra_exe_unit,
                                GroupByAndAggregate& group_by_and_aggregate,
                                llvm::Function* query_func,
                                llvm::BasicBlock* entry_bb,
                                const QueryMemoryDescriptor& query_mem_desc,
                                const CompilationOptions& co,
                                const ExecutionOptions& eo) {
  const auto exit_bb =
      llvm::BasicBlock::Create(cgen_state_->context_, "exit", cgen_state_->row_func_);
  cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(exit_bb);
  cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateRet(cgen_state_->llInt<int32_t>(0));
  cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(entry_bb);
  CodeGenerator code_generator(this);
  const auto loops_entry_bb = JoinLoop::codegen(
      join_loops,
      [this,
       query_func,
       &query_mem_desc,
       &co,
       &eo,
       &group_by_and_aggregate,
       &join_loops,
       &ra_exe_unit](const std::vector<llvm::Value*>& prev_iters) {
        addJoinLoopIterator(prev_iters, join_loops.size());
        auto& builder = cgen_state_->ir_builder_;
        const auto loop_body_bb = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(
            builder.getContext(), "loop_body", builder.GetInsertBlock()->getParent());
        builder.SetInsertPoint(loop_body_bb);
        const bool can_return_error =
            compileBody(ra_exe_unit, group_by_and_aggregate, query_mem_desc, co);
        if (can_return_error || cgen_state_->needs_error_check_ ||
            eo.with_dynamic_watchdog || eo.allow_runtime_query_interrupt) {
          createErrorCheckControlFlow(query_func,
                                      eo.with_dynamic_watchdog,
                                      eo.allow_runtime_query_interrupt,
                                      co.device_type);
        }
        return loop_body_bb;
      },
      code_generator.posArg(nullptr),
      exit_bb,
      cgen_state_->ir_builder_);
  cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(entry_bb);
  cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateBr(loops_entry_bb);
}

Executor::GroupColLLVMValue Executor::groupByColumnCodegen(
    Analyzer::Expr* group_by_col,
    const size_t col_width,
    const CompilationOptions& co,
    const bool translate_null_val,
    const int64_t translated_null_val,
    GroupByAndAggregate::DiamondCodegen& diamond_codegen,
    std::stack<llvm::BasicBlock*>& array_loops,
    const bool thread_mem_shared) {
  CHECK_GE(col_width, sizeof(int32_t));
  CodeGenerator code_generator(this);
  auto group_key = code_generator.codegen(group_by_col, true, co).front();
  auto key_to_cache = group_key;
  if (dynamic_cast<Analyzer::UOper*>(group_by_col) &&
      static_cast<Analyzer::UOper*>(group_by_col)->get_optype() == kUNNEST) {
    auto preheader = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.GetInsertBlock();
    auto array_loop_head = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(cgen_state_->context_,
                                                    "array_loop_head",
                                                    cgen_state_->row_func_,
                                                    preheader->getNextNode());
    diamond_codegen.setFalseTarget(array_loop_head);
    const auto ret_ty = get_int_type(32, cgen_state_->context_);
    auto array_idx_ptr = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateAlloca(ret_ty);
    CHECK(array_idx_ptr);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateStore(cgen_state_->llInt(int32_t(0)), array_idx_ptr);
    const auto arr_expr = static_cast<Analyzer::UOper*>(group_by_col)->get_operand();
    const auto& array_ti = arr_expr->get_type_info();
    CHECK(array_ti.is_array());
    const auto& elem_ti = array_ti.get_elem_type();
    auto array_len =
        (array_ti.get_size() > 0)
            ? cgen_state_->llInt(array_ti.get_size() / elem_ti.get_size())
            : cgen_state_->emitExternalCall(
                  "array_size",
                  ret_ty,
                  {group_key,
                   code_generator.posArg(arr_expr),
                   cgen_state_->llInt(log2_bytes(elem_ti.get_logical_size()))});
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateBr(array_loop_head);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(array_loop_head);
    CHECK(array_len);
    auto array_idx = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateLoad(array_idx_ptr);
    auto bound_check = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateICmp(
        llvm::ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT, array_idx, array_len);
    auto array_loop_body = llvm::BasicBlock::Create(
        cgen_state_->context_, "array_loop_body", cgen_state_->row_func_);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateCondBr(
        bound_check,
        array_loop_body,
        array_loops.empty() ? diamond_codegen.orig_cond_false_ : array_loops.top());
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(array_loop_body);
    cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateStore(
        cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateAdd(array_idx, cgen_state_->llInt(int32_t(1))),
        array_idx_ptr);
    auto array_at_fname = "array_at_" + numeric_type_name(elem_ti);
    if (array_ti.get_size() < 0) {
      if (array_ti.get_notnull()) {
        array_at_fname = "notnull_" + array_at_fname;
      }
      array_at_fname = "varlen_" + array_at_fname;
    }
    const auto ar_ret_ty =
        elem_ti.is_fp()
            ? (elem_ti.get_type() == kDOUBLE
                   ? llvm::Type::getDoubleTy(cgen_state_->context_)
                   : llvm::Type::getFloatTy(cgen_state_->context_))
            : get_int_type(elem_ti.get_logical_size() * 8, cgen_state_->context_);
    group_key = cgen_state_->emitExternalCall(
        array_at_fname,
        ar_ret_ty,
        {group_key, code_generator.posArg(arr_expr), array_idx});
    if (need_patch_unnest_double(
            elem_ti, isArchMaxwell(co.device_type), thread_mem_shared)) {
      key_to_cache = spillDoubleElement(group_key, ar_ret_ty);
    } else {
      key_to_cache = group_key;
    }
    CHECK(array_loop_head);
    array_loops.push(array_loop_head);
  }
  cgen_state_->group_by_expr_cache_.push_back(key_to_cache);
  llvm::Value* orig_group_key{nullptr};
  if (translate_null_val) {
    const std::string translator_func_name(
        col_width == sizeof(int32_t) ? "translate_null_key_i32_" : "translate_null_key_");
    const auto& ti = group_by_col->get_type_info();
    const auto key_type = get_int_type(ti.get_logical_size() * 8, cgen_state_->context_);
    orig_group_key = group_key;
    group_key = cgen_state_->emitCall(
        translator_func_name + numeric_type_name(ti),
        {group_key,
         static_cast<llvm::Value*>(
             llvm::ConstantInt::get(key_type, inline_int_null_val(ti))),
         static_cast<llvm::Value*>(llvm::ConstantInt::get(
             llvm::Type::getInt64Ty(cgen_state_->context_), translated_null_val))});
  }
  group_key = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateBitCast(
      cgen_state_->castToTypeIn(group_key, col_width * 8),
      get_int_type(col_width * 8, cgen_state_->context_));
  if (orig_group_key) {
    orig_group_key = cgen_state_->ir_builder_.CreateBitCast(
        cgen_state_->castToTypeIn(orig_group_key, col_width * 8),
        get_int_type(col_width * 8, cgen_state_->context_));
  }
  return {group_key, orig_group_key};
}

CodeGenerator::NullCheckCodegen::NullCheckCodegen(CgenState* cgen_state,
                                                  Executor* executor,
                                                  llvm::Value* nullable_lv,
                                                  const SQLTypeInfo& nullable_ti,
                                                  const std::string& name)
    : cgen_state(cgen_state), name(name) {
  CHECK(nullable_ti.is_number() || nullable_ti.is_decimal() || nullable_ti.is_fp());

  null_check = std::make_unique<GroupByAndAggregate::DiamondCodegen>(
      nullable_ti.is_fp()
          ? cgen_state->ir_builder_.CreateFCmp(llvm::FCmpInst::FCMP_OEQ,
                                               nullable_lv,
                                               cgen_state->inlineFpNull(nullable_ti))
          : cgen_state->ir_builder_.CreateICmp(llvm::ICmpInst::ICMP_EQ,
                                               nullable_lv,
                                               cgen_state->inlineIntNull(nullable_ti)),
      executor,
      false,
      name,
      nullptr,
      false);

  // generate a phi node depending on whether we got a null or not
  nullcheck_bb =
      llvm::BasicBlock::Create(cgen_state->context_, name + "_bb", cgen_state->row_func_);

  // update the blocks created by diamond codegen to point to the newly created phi
  // block
  cgen_state->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(null_check->cond_true_);
  cgen_state->ir_builder_.CreateBr(nullcheck_bb);
  cgen_state->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(null_check->cond_false_);
}

llvm::Value* CodeGenerator::NullCheckCodegen::finalize(llvm::Value* null_lv,
                                                       llvm::Value* notnull_lv) {
  CHECK(null_check);
  cgen_state->ir_builder_.CreateBr(nullcheck_bb);

  CHECK_EQ(null_lv->getType(), notnull_lv->getType());

  cgen_state->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(nullcheck_bb);
  nullcheck_value =
      cgen_state->ir_builder_.CreatePHI(null_lv->getType(), 2, name + "_value");
  nullcheck_value->addIncoming(notnull_lv, null_check->cond_false_);
  nullcheck_value->addIncoming(null_lv, null_check->cond_true_);

  null_check.reset(nullptr);
  cgen_state->ir_builder_.SetInsertPoint(nullcheck_bb);
  return nullcheck_value;
}